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A park ranger, park warden, or forest ranger is a person entrusted with protecting and preserving parklands – national, state, provincial, or local parks. "Parks" may be broadly defined by some systems in this context, and include protected culturally or historically important built environments, and is not limited to the natural environment. Different countries use different names for the position. ''Warden'' is the favored term in Canada, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. Within the United States, the National Park Service refers to the position as a park ranger. The U.S. Forest Service refers to the position as a forest ranger. Other countries use the term ''park warden'' or ''game warden'' to describe this occupation. The profession includes a number of disciplines and specializations, and park rangers are often required to be proficient in more than one. ==History== Rangers were officials employed to "range" through the countryside providing law and order (often against poaching). Their duties were originally confined to seeing that the Forest Law was enforced in the outlands, or purlieus, of the royal forests. Their duties corresponded in some respects with that of a mounted Forester.〔John Charles Cox, ''The Royal Forests of England'', 1905, page 24.〕 The term ''ranger'' seems to correspond to the Medieval Latin word ''regardatores'' which appeared in 1217 in the Charter of the Forest. ''Regardatores'' was later rendered as ''rangers'' in the English translations of the Charter.〔Hensleigh Wedgewood, ''A Dictionary of English Etymology'', vol. III, 1865, page 38-39.〕 However, others translate ''regardatores'' as ''regarders''. For example, the fifth clause of the Charter of the Forest is commonly translated thus: "Our regarders shall go through the forests making the regard as it used to be made at the time of the first coronation of the aforesaid King Henry () our grandfather, and not otherwise."〔http://info.sjc.ox.ac.uk/forests/Carta.htm Retrieved October 23, 2012〕 A "regard" is considered to be an inspection of the forest. The earliest letter patent found mentioning the term refer to a commission of a ranger in 1341.〔Charles R. Young, ''The Royal Forest of Medieval England'', 1979, page 163.〕 Documents from 1455 state that England had “all manner and singular Offices of Foresters and Rangers of our said Forests”.〔''Rolls of Parliament'' V:318/1〕 One of the first appearances of ''ranger'' in literature is in Edmund Spenser's poem ''The Shepheardes Calendar'' from 1579: "() walk not widely, as they were wont, for fear of rangers and the great hunt." The office of Ranger of Windsor Great Park appears to have been created in 1601. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「park ranger」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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